A customer's journey is often made up of both intended and unintended
outcomes, but customer experience is 'the real outcome'. Or to put it
another way, what
actually happened rather than what
should
have happened. But as complexity increases in large organisations, it
is becoming increasingly difficult to identify and control all the
variables that can impact on the customer journey.
This issue arose during our March QoE discussion which focused on
The Art of Simplicity
in large organisations. The engaging two-day event highlighted many
factors that can exacerbate the problem of complexity, including
technology, employees, vision, acquisitions, and leadership. But if
complexity is here to stay, perhaps what is needed is a shift in our
perspective to help us tackle the problem from a different angle. If we
can view large organisations through a new lens, perhaps we may be able
to derive value from complexity and use this to improve customer
experience.
The
hierarchical model of workplace organisation
that emerged in the early 20th Century continues to shape the structure
of large organisations. But the suitability of the hierarchical model
for an era of
hyperconnectivity that has been instigated by the internet and mobile technology
is increasingly under scrutiny.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that we are attempting to solve
complex, 21st Century problems with solutions derived from last
century's industrial model.
So how can we take a different
perspective? Consider for a moment that a large organisation is not a
hierarchy of people, but is instead a collection of networks. This is
the perspective put forward by
Christopher Vitale,
who proposes that in order to cope with a hyperconnected age we need to
view our reality as networks of networks. Informed by research on
complex systems science, Vitale observes that complex, dissipative
systems 'consume energy and turn it into waste, dissipating potential in
order to produce ordered complexity' (Vitale, 2015, p.23).
If we
adopt this perspective, we can interpret a large organisation as a
complex system, dissipating much of the potential of its employees by
forcing them to operate under a hierarchical model that is poorly suited
to the complexity of the modern world. But if we shift our perspective
to view an organisation as a network of networks, then every employee is
a participant in a multitude of networks incorporating other people,
information, and systems. An organisation consists of networks of
employees, information, and systems, and the organisation itself is part
of a network of other organisations and systems. In this
network-centric paradigm, the actions of the organisation have an impact on the networks both within and outside the organisation.
How does this help? Well, according to
complex systems science
a complex system also contains a huge amount of 'energetic potential',
and this energy has the potential to transform and enrich its immediate
environment. If we view a
large organisation as a complex system
then the implication is that complexity is a positive force, and
tapping into the latent creative potential of the network will provide
opportunities for creativity and innovation . What is needed is a way to
effectively harness the energetic potential of the network in order to
drive innovation, and a way to understand those areas of the
organisation benefit from complexity (e.g. R&D) and those that may
be damaged by it (e.g. customer experience).
Vitale also
highlights the principle of 'robustness' in complex systems science,
which can be understood as a way to produce more and better forms of
growth. Sustainable growth is both an aspiration and a priority for
almost every large organisation, and it is therefore possible to argue
that achieving and maintaining a state of 'robust complexification'
should be a key strategic driver. If we shift our perspective to view an
organisation as a complex network of networks, an important aspect of
leadership in large organisations then becomes how to achieve and
maintain a state of robust complexity. By taking complexity to be an
asset consisting of the creative potential residing in all employees,
there are significant opportunities to harness this potential in support
of the aims of the organisation.
If customer experience is the
'real outcome' of an organisation's efforts, then it is essential for
leaders and managers to understand where problems of complexity in their
organisation are having negative impact on the customer journey. By
viewing the organisation as a network of employees, each containing
creative potential and each having a unique insight into specific areas
of the organisation, there is scope to mine this wealth of knowledge and
use it to improve the customer experience.
Source: The QoE March 2015, Carl Lyon. Written : Tony Reeves, University for the Creative Arts.